{"id":54528,"date":"2020-05-20T14:46:09","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T14:46:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tbmaestro.com\/uncategorized\/whats-the-cost-of-maintaining-your-real-estate\/"},"modified":"2023-06-29T19:10:06","modified_gmt":"2023-06-29T19:10:06","slug":"whats-the-cost-of-maintaining-your-real-estate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tbmaestro.com\/en\/assets-management\/whats-the-cost-of-maintaining-your-real-estate\/","title":{"rendered":"What\u2019s the cost of maintaining your real estate?"},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221;]\n\t\t\t[et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221;]\n\t\t\t\t[et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Text&#8221;]\n<div style=\"height:37px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p>Managing a property portfolio means managing its performance, for the benefit of users, and its risks, to best, anticipate problems that would require immediate and often ill-prepared action. But almost always, property management activities are carried out in a constrained financial environment. It is therefore necessary to be well aware of one&#8217;s financial needs in order to target a budget that is in line with the issues and objectives of one&#8217;s organization. But what are the accounting techniques to identify the required budget envelopes? And how can operating expenses (OPEX) and capital expenditures (CAPEX) be adequately estimated?    <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>A bit of history: the origins of value counting and its objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>The idea of accounting for the activities of an organization dates back to the time of European antiquity, but it was officially theorized by the Italian Franciscan Luca Bartolomes Pacioli in a book published in 1494 in Venice. Much more than the simple recording of acts related to the purchase of products or services, accounting aims, from its origins, at estimating the value of tangible goods considered as useful assets for production and trade in order to determine an exchange value and possibly a profitability. And in the case of accounting for cities and other public entities, the interest is not profitability, but rather the fair expenditure to achieve the objectives of society.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>For example:<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<p><em> A cow is an asset that costs \u20ac1,500 to buy and has a milk production of about 10,000 liters per year. It brings in about \u20ac345 per 1,000 liters but also generates many expenses to feed and maintain it during its 15 years of productive life. The accounts show a profitability.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><em>By analogy, in the field of public expenditure, let us take the case of a primary school: the building is a physical asset enabling the headmaster of the establishment to train citizens who will be both bearers of the values of a country and contributors to the wealth of that country through their economic actions. There is therefore a series of expenditures necessary to achieve the objectives during the nine to ten years of a pupil&#8217;s schooling. <\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p>As with any activity, the right cost is sought. Today, accounting standards are tending to become uniform in organizations with certain requirements for the use of IFRS in addition to the French standard. The approach often used is that of the historical view of expenses based on general accounting, which is an information tool aimed at the legal correctness of the use of funds. In addition, it is essential to set up analytical accounting, as an analytical tool that enables good decisions to be made.   <\/p>\n\n<p>In the field of physical asset management, the knowledge of the architect, engineer, and all other technicians responsible for the construction or operation and maintenance of a building is essential to establish both the structure and content of cost accounting.<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Applying accounting tools<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Even with the best will in the world, an accountant, experienced in the exercise of general accounting, needs the asset management expert, whether internal or external to the organization, to properly estimate the financial needs required throughout the life cycle of an asset.<\/p>\n\n<p>An analysis of the expenses incurred in the context of real estate asset management reveals essentially two distinct but complementary types of budgets:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the investment budget (CAPEX);<\/li><li>the operating budget (OPEX).<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Within each of these budgets, there are several sub-categories to be defined according to the desired cost accounting. OPEX, which is the contraction of <em>Operational Expenditure<\/em>, generally groups together expenditure leading to the establishment of the <strong>maintenance<\/strong> budget devoted to the &#8220;well-being&#8221; of assets (buildings and infrastructure) and the <strong>operating<\/strong> budget, which could, in turn, be associated with the &#8220;well-being&#8221; of people, whether users or users of the asset in question.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The so-called &#8220;OPEX&#8221; budget is thus more commonly referred to as the operating budget for operation and maintenance. It largely covers <strong>regular<\/strong> expenses such as maintenance, routine building maintenance, fluids, cleaning, security, safety; in short, all activities aimed at restoring, maintaining, or improving the thermal, lighting, acoustic, aesthetic, and other environments. <\/p>\n\n<p>The CAPEX budget, which is the contraction of <em>Capital Expenditure<\/em>, is generally made up of expenditure resulting from activities related to the following three sub-categories:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the &#8220;<strong>addition of assets<\/strong>&#8221; (new constructions, expansions, miscellaneous extensions, etc.);<\/li><li>&#8220;<strong>maintenance of assets<\/strong>&#8221; (replacement of equipment, rehabilitation, etc.);<\/li><li>&#8220;<strong>disposal of assets<\/strong>&#8221; (sale and leaseback, deconstruction and recycling, etc.).<\/li><\/ul>\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>OPEX or CAPEX<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>The accounting rules on the identification of the budgetary nature of an action are subject to interpretation. It is the role of the person responsible for asset management to assist the Accounting Officer in this step. And the key to interpretation lies around the reflection on value, life cycle and depreciation, and impairment.  <\/p>\n\n<p>A CAPEX-type action, therefore, aims to significantly increase the useful life of the asset and thus to restore, maintain, and sometimes increase its value in use. Thus, this expenditure is essentially the result of financial debt and monitoring its depreciation, through accounting depreciation, will be necessary. <\/p>\n\n<p>On the other hand, when an action tends to restore or maintain the proper functioning of the environment and daily use, without having any significant impact on the extension of the useful life or on the value of the asset, this expenditure is associated with consumption. It is then the responsibility of the OPEX. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>For example:<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n<p><em>If a defective luminaire is replaced by in-house maintenance staff as part of routine work. This is an intervention under the OPEX budget. On the other hand, in the case of more extensive work such as complete replacement (&#8220;relamping&#8221;), it is rather a CAPEX budget intervention that extends the service life of the &#8220;Lighting System&#8221; component.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><em>In both cases, regardless of the budget concerned, the objective is the same: to safeguard or improve the use-value of the property assets. In the first case, it is a replacement of &#8220;consumables&#8221; and therefore a routine operation (OPEX), while in the second case, it is a significant one-off intervention that restores the use-value of the asset (CAPEX). <\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>A suite within your reach<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>It is estimated today that between 1 and 5% of the current replacement value (CRPV) of a building stock would have to be invested per year in OPEX budget and between 0.5 and 3% in CAPEX budget to restore or maintain the value in use of its assets, in short for a good state of health of the buildings.<\/p>\n\n<p>With an aging building stock, the increasing obsolescence of the buildings, the significant increase in pressure to comply with regulations and the expectations of changes in the use of certain spaces make it difficult to provide a simple response to the need to establish fair and reasonable OPEX and CAPEX budgets, based on the organization&#8217;s issues and objectives.<\/p>\n\n<p>However, solutions do exist: setting up and monitoring a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tbmaestro.com\/enca\/real-estate-master-plan\/\">property master plan<\/a><\/strong> and an <strong>organizational and technical plan<\/strong> for <strong>regular maintenance<\/strong> are the essential steps and fundamental tools for identifying and estimating these budgets.<\/p>\n\n<p>Without them, how can we answer the increasingly frequent question about the overall cost of assets, the TOTEX (<em>Total Expenditures<\/em>) that feeds the short, medium, and long-term decisions of the State, cities, companies, and all entities seeking to maximize the value of their physical assets?<\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> CAPEX, OPEX, accounting, budget, life cycle, value, depreciation, deterioration, operation, regular maintenance, investment, operation, asset management, asset management, real estate, PACKiT, 3t, myA<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Date of the article:<\/strong> 20\/05\/2020<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Editors: <\/strong>Thomas Pradier, Jean-Pascal Foucault.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Sources and notes:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Pacioli, L. \u00ab <em>Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita<\/em> \u00bb, 1494, Venise: Pacioli listed and explained the best practices of northern Italian merchants such as bookkeeping and its double-entry accounting, trial balances, balance sheets, the rule for predicting the future value of an investment, and many other tools still used by professional accountants. <\/li><li>Pierre Vernimmen (Auteur) P. Quiry, \u00ab Finance d&#8217;entreprise 2020 \u00bb, 18\u00e8me \u00e9dition, Dalloz, EAN 978-2247187904, ISBN 2247187900, 2019, 1220 pages.<\/li><li>IFRS Standard, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifrs.org\/issued-standards\/list-of-standards\/\">https:\/\/www.ifrs.org\/issued-standards\/list-of-standards\/<\/a>, The IFRS\u00ae Foundation is an international not-for-profit organization responsible for developing a single set of accounting standards that aim to establish common rules so that financial statements can be consistent, transparent, comparable and reliable from one organization to another and from one country to another.  (accessed April 2020)<\/li><li>Autorit\u00e9 de normes comptables, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anc.gouv.fr\/cms\/sites\/anc\/accueil.html\">http:\/\/www.anc.gouv.fr\/cms\/sites\/anc\/accueil.html<\/a>, The Autorit\u00e9 de normes comptables (ANC) aims, in France, to establish in the form of regulations the general (Plan comptable g\u00e9n\u00e9ral) and sectoral accounting requirements that must be complied with by natural or legal persons subject to the legal obligation to prepare accounting documents that comply with accounting standards. <\/li><\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column]\n\t\t\t[\/et_pb_row]\n\t\t[\/et_pb_section]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are the accounting techniques to identify the budget envelopes required? How to properly estimate operating expenses (OPEX) and capital expenditures (CAPEX)? <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54021,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":37} -->\n<div style=\"height:37px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u00e9rer un parc immobilier, c\u2019est bien \u00e9videmment g\u00e9rer sa performance, au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des usagers, et ses risques, afin d\u2019anticiper au mieux les probl\u00e8mes qui n\u00e9cessiteraient une action imm\u00e9diate et souvent mal pr\u00e9par\u00e9e. Mais presque toujours, les activit\u00e9s de la gestion immobili\u00e8re s\u2019effectuent dans un environnement financier contraint. Il convient donc de bien conna\u00eetre ses besoins financiers pour cibler un budget conforme aux enjeux et objectifs de son organisation. Mais quelles sont les techniques comptables pour identifier les enveloppes budg\u00e9taires requises&nbsp;? &nbsp;Et comment estimer de mani\u00e8re ad\u00e9quate les d\u00e9penses de fonctionnement (OPEX) et les d\u00e9penses d\u2019investissement (CAPEX) ?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Un peu d\u2019histoire&nbsp;: les origines du d\u00e9compte des valeurs et ses objectifs<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u2019id\u00e9e de comptabiliser les activit\u00e9s d\u2019une organisation remonte \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne, mais elle fut officiellement th\u00e9oris\u00e9e par le franciscain italien Luca Bartolomes Pacioli dans un livre publi\u00e9 en 1494 \u00e0 Venise. Bien plus que le simple enregistrement d\u2019actes li\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019achat de produits ou de services, la comptabilit\u00e9 vise, d\u00e8s ses origines, \u00e0 estimer la valeur des biens tangibles consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des actifs utiles \u00e0 la production et au commerce afin d\u2019en d\u00e9terminer une valeur d\u2019\u00e9change et \u00e9ventuellement une rentabilit\u00e9. Et dans le cas de la comptabilit\u00e9 pour les villes et autres entit\u00e9s publiques, l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat n\u2019est pas la rentabilit\u00e9, mais plut\u00f4t la juste d\u00e9pense pour atteindre les objectifs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>Exemples&nbsp;:<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u00a0Une vache est un actif qui co\u00fbte \u00e0 l\u2019achat 1\u00a0500\u00a0\u20ac et dont la production de lait est d\u2019environ 10\u00a0000 litres par an. Elle rapporte environ 345\u00a0\u20ac par 1 000 litres, mais g\u00e9n\u00e8re aussi de nombreuses d\u00e9penses pour la nourrir et l\u2019entretenir, et ce, durant les 15 ans de sa vie productive. La comptabilit\u00e9 permet d\u2019en d\u00e9duire une rentabilit\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Par analogie, dans le champ des d\u00e9penses publiques, prenons le cas d\u2019une \u00e9cole primaire&nbsp;: le b\u00e2timent est un actif physique permettant au directeur de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de former des citoyens qui seront \u00e0 la fois des porteurs des valeurs d\u2019un pays et des contributeurs \u00e0 la richesse de ce pays par leurs actions \u00e9conomiques. Il y a donc une s\u00e9rie de d\u00e9penses n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019atteinte des objectifs durant les neuf \u00e0 dix ans de la scolarit\u00e9 d\u2019un \u00e9l\u00e8ve.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Comme pour toute activit\u00e9, le juste co\u00fbt est recherch\u00e9. Aujourd\u2019hui, les normes comptables tendent \u00e0 s\u2019uniformiser dans les organisations avec certaines obligations pour l\u2019utilisation de la norme IFRS en plus de la norme fran\u00e7aise. L\u2019approche souvent utilis\u00e9e est celle du regard historique des d\u00e9penses \u00e0 partir de la comptabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, qui est un outil d\u2019information visant la rectitude juridique de l\u2019utilisation des deniers. En compl\u00e9ment, il est primordial de mettre en place une comptabilit\u00e9 analytique, comme outil d\u2019analyse qui permet de prendre de bonnes d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Dans le domaine de la gestion d\u2019actifs physiques, la connaissance de l\u2019architecte, de l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur et de tous les autres techniciens responsables de la construction ou de l\u2019exploitation et de la maintenance d\u2019un b\u00e2timent est primordiale pour \u00e9tablir \u00e0 la fois la structure et le contenu de la comptabilit\u00e9 analytique.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>L\u2019application des outils comptables<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u00eame avec la meilleure volont\u00e9 du monde, un comptable, rompu \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de la comptabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, a besoin de l\u2019expert en gestion d\u2019actifs, qu\u2019il soit interne ou non \u00e0 l\u2019organisation, afin de bien estimer les besoins financiers requis tout au long du cycle de vie d\u2019un actif.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u2019analyse des d\u00e9penses r\u00e9alis\u00e9es dans le cadre de la gestion de patrimoines immobiliers permet de mettre en \u00e9vidence essentiellement deux natures de budgets distincts, mais compl\u00e9mentaires&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>le budget d\u2019investissement (CAPEX)&nbsp;;<\/li><li>le budget de fonctionnement (OPEX).<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Au sein de chacun de ces budgets, il existe plusieurs sous-cat\u00e9gories \u00e0 d\u00e9finir selon la comptabilit\u00e9 analytique souhait\u00e9e. L\u2019OPEX, qui est la contraction d\u2019<em>Operational Expenditures<\/em>, regroupe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les d\u00e9penses menant \u00e0 la mise en place du budget de <strong>maintenance<\/strong> consacr\u00e9 au \u00ab&nbsp;bien-\u00eatre&nbsp;\u00bb des actifs (b\u00e2timents et infrastructures) et du budget d\u2019<strong>exploitation<\/strong> qui pourrait, lui, \u00eatre associ\u00e9 au \u00ab&nbsp;bien-\u00eatre&nbsp;\u00bb des personnes, qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse des usagers ou des utilisateurs de l\u2019actif consid\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Le budget dit \u00ab&nbsp;OPEX&nbsp;\u00bb est ainsi plus couramment appel\u00e9 budget de fonctionnement pour l\u2019exploitation et la maintenance. Il couvre en grande partie des d\u00e9penses <strong>r\u00e9guli\u00e8res<\/strong> telles que celles de la maintenance, de l\u2019entretien courant du b\u00e2timent ainsi que celles en fluides, nettoyage, s\u00e9curit\u00e9, s\u00fbret\u00e9&nbsp;; en somme, \u00e0 toutes les activit\u00e9s visant \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir, maintenir ou am\u00e9liorer les ambiances thermiques, lumineuses, acoustiques, esth\u00e9tiques, etc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Le budget CAPEX, qui est la contraction de <em>Capital Expenditures<\/em>, se compose quant \u00e0 lui g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de d\u00e9penses issues d\u2019activit\u00e9s li\u00e9es aux trois sous-cat\u00e9gories suivantes&nbsp;:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>l\u2019\u00ab <strong>ajout d\u2019actifs<\/strong> \u00bb (constructions neuves, agrandissements, extensions diverses, etc.)&nbsp;;<\/li><li>le \u00ab <strong>maintien d\u2019actifs<\/strong> \u00bb (remplacements d\u2019\u00e9quipements, r\u00e9habilitations, etc.)&nbsp;;<\/li><li>l\u2019\u00ab <strong>ali\u00e9nation des actifs<\/strong> \u00bb (cessions-ventes, d\u00e9constructions-recyclages, etc.).<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Le choix entre des actions OPEX ou CAPEX<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Les r\u00e8gles comptables sur l\u2019identification de la nature budg\u00e9taire d\u2019une action sont sujettes \u00e0 interpr\u00e9tation. C\u2019est le r\u00f4le du responsable de la gestion des actifs d\u2019accompagner le comptable dans cette \u00e9tape. Et la cl\u00e9 d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation se trouve autour de la r\u00e9flexion sur la valeur, le cycle de vie ainsi que la d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation et la d\u00e9gradation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Or donc, une action de type CAPEX vise \u00e0 accro\u00eetre de mani\u00e8re significative la dur\u00e9e de vie utile de l\u2019actif et donc \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir, maintenir et parfois accro\u00eetre sa valeur d\u2019usage. Ainsi, cette d\u00e9pense est essentiellement issue d\u2019une dette financi\u00e8re et le suivi de sa d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation, par l\u2019amortissement comptable, sera n\u00e9cessaire.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>En revanche, d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019une action tend \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir ou maintenir le bon fonctionnement des ambiances, de l\u2019usage au quotidien, en n\u2019ayant aucune incidence significative sur l\u2019extension de la dur\u00e9e de vie ou sur la valeur du bien, cette d\u00e9pense est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 de la consommation. Elle rel\u00e8ve alors de l\u2019OPEX.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p><em>Exemple&nbsp;:<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Si le remplacement d\u2019un luminaire d\u00e9fectueux est effectu\u00e9 par des agents de maintenance en interne dans le cadre des travaux courants. C\u2019est une intervention relevant du budget OPEX. En revanche, en cas de travaux plus cons\u00e9quents de type remplacement au complet (\u00ab&nbsp;relamping&nbsp;\u00bb), il s\u2019agit plut\u00f4t d\u2019une intervention relevant du budget CAPEX qui rallonge la dur\u00e9e de vie du composant \u00ab&nbsp;Syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9clairage&nbsp;\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Dans les deux cas, quel que soit le budget concern\u00e9, l\u2019objectif est le m\u00eame&nbsp;: sauvegarder ou am\u00e9liorer la valeur d\u2019usage du patrimoine immobilier. Dans le premier, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un remplacement de \u00ab&nbsp;consommable&nbsp;\u00bb et donc d\u2019une op\u00e9ration courante (OPEX) tandis que dans le second, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une intervention ponctuelle cons\u00e9quente redonnant de la valeur d\u2019usage \u00e0 l\u2019actif (CAPEX).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Une suite \u00e0 votre port\u00e9e<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On estime aujourd\u2019hui qu\u2019il faudrait investir entre 1 et 5&nbsp;% de la valeur actuelle de remplacement (VAR) d\u2019un parc immobilier par an en budget OPEX et entre 0,5 et 3&nbsp;% en budget CAPEX pour r\u00e9tablir ou maintenir la valeur d\u2019usage de ses actifs, en somme pour un bon \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Avec un parc immobilier vieillissant, les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de v\u00e9tust\u00e9 accrus, l\u2019augmentation importante de la pression des mises en conformit\u00e9 r\u00e9glementaire ainsi que les attentes d\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019usage de certains espaces rendent difficiles une r\u00e9ponse simple au besoin d\u2019\u00e9tablir des budgets OPEX et CAPEX justes et raisonnables, en fonction des enjeux et objectifs de l\u2019organisation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Pourtant, des solutions existent&nbsp;: la mise en place et le suivi d\u2019un <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tbmaestro.com\/schema-directeur-immobilier\/\">sch\u00e9ma directeur immobilier<\/a><\/strong> et d\u2019un <strong>plan organisationnel et technique de la maintenance<\/strong> <strong>r\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/strong> sont les d\u00e9marches essentielles et les outils fondamentaux pour identifier et estimer ces budgets.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sans eux, comment r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question de plus en plus fr\u00e9quente sur le co\u00fbt global des actifs, ce TOTEX (<em>Total Expenditures<\/em>) qui alimente les d\u00e9cisions \u00e0 court, moyen et long terme de l\u2019\u00c9tat, de villes, d\u2019entreprises et de toutes les entit\u00e9s qui cherchent \u00e0 maximiser la valeur de leurs actifs physiques&nbsp;?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer {\"height\":35} -->\n<div style=\"height:35px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Mots clefs&nbsp;:<\/strong> CAPEX, OPEX, comptabilit\u00e9, budget, cycle de vie, valeur, d\u00e9pr\u00e9ciation, d\u00e9gradation, exploitation, maintenance r\u00e9guli\u00e8re, investissement, fonctionnement, gestion d\u2019actifs, asset management, patrimoine immobilier, PACKiT, 3t, myA<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Date de l\u2019article&nbsp;:<\/strong> 20\/05\/2020<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>R\u00e9dacteurs&nbsp;: <\/strong>Thomas Pradier, Jean-Pascal Foucault.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Sources et notes&nbsp;<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list {\"ordered\":true,\"type\":\"1\"} -->\n<ol type=\"1\"><li>Pacioli, L. \u00ab&nbsp;<em>Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb, 1494, Venise&nbsp;: Pacioli a r\u00e9pertori\u00e9 et expliqu\u00e9 les meilleures pratiques des commer\u00e7ants du nord de l\u2019Italie comme la tenue de livres et sa comptabilit\u00e9 en partie double, les balances de v\u00e9rification, les bilans, la r\u00e8gle pour pr\u00e9dire la valeur future d'un investissement et plusieurs autres outils encore employ\u00e9s par des comptables professionnels.<\/li><li>Pierre Vernimmen (Auteur) P. Quiry, \u00ab&nbsp;Finance d'entreprise 2020&nbsp;\u00bb, 18\u00e8me \u00e9dition, Dalloz, EAN 978-2247187904, ISBN 2247187900, 2019, 1220 pages.<\/li><li>Norme IFRS, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifrs.org\/issued-standards\/list-of-standards\/\">https:\/\/www.ifrs.org\/issued-standards\/list-of-standards\/<\/a>, La Fondation IFRS\u00ae est une organisation internationale \u00e0 but non lucratif charg\u00e9e d'\u00e9laborer un ensemble unique de normes comptables qui visent \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des r\u00e8gles communes afin que les \u00e9tats financiers puissent \u00eatre coh\u00e9rents, transparents, comparables et fiables d'une organisation \u00e0 l'autre et d'un pays \u00e0 l'autre. (consult\u00e9 en avril 2020).<\/li><li>Autorit\u00e9 de normes comptables, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anc.gouv.fr\/cms\/sites\/anc\/accueil.html\">http:\/\/www.anc.gouv.fr\/cms\/sites\/anc\/accueil.html<\/a>, L'Autorit\u00e9 des normes comptables (ANC) vise, en France, \u00e0 \u00e9tablir sous forme de r\u00e8glements les prescriptions comptables g\u00e9n\u00e9rales (Plan comptable g\u00e9n\u00e9ral)&nbsp; et sectorielles que doivent respecter les personnes physiques ou morales soumises \u00e0 l'obligation l\u00e9gale d'\u00e9tablir des documents comptables conformes aux normes de la comptabilit\u00e9.<\/li><\/ol>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-54528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-assets-management"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What\u2019s the cost of maintaining your real estate? - tbmaestro | Prenez les meilleures d\u00e9cisions pour vos b\u00e2timents et infrastructures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What are the accounting techniques to identify the budget envelopes required? 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